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One‐Step Solvothermal Synthesis of Nanostructured Manganese Fluoride as an Anode for Rechargeable Lithium‐Ion Batteries and Insights into the Conversion Mechanism
Author(s) -
Rui Kun,
Wen Zhaoyin,
Lu Yan,
Jin Jun,
Shen Chen
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
advanced energy materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.08
H-Index - 220
eISSN - 1614-6840
pISSN - 1614-6832
DOI - 10.1002/aenm.201401716
Subject(s) - materials science , manganese , anode , lithium (medication) , electrochemistry , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , nanocrystalline material , fluoride , inorganic chemistry , chemical engineering , solvothermal synthesis , electrode , nanotechnology , chemistry , metallurgy , medicine , engineering , endocrinology
A nanostructured manganese fluoride is successfully synthesized for the first time through a facile one‐step solvothermal method. Ionic liquid (IL) 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BmimBF 4 ) as fluorine source and manganese (II) acetate tetrahydrate (Mn(CH 3 COO) 2 ·4H 2 O) as manganese source are used. By controlling the amount of manganese source and both the reaction time and temperature, pure phase tetragonal MnF 2 with a uniformly distributed nanocrystalline of 100–300 nm can be obtained. A possible formation mechanism related to the role of the IL is proposed. Electrochemical performance of MnF 2 nanocrystals as anodes for rechargeable lithium batteries is investigated. A low discharge plateau around 0.6 V at 0.1 C of the first cycle is obtained for lithium uptake reactions with a reversible discharge capacity as high as 300 mAh g −1 . The new MnF 2 anode is found to deliver significantly improved cycling performance than conventional conversion reaction electrodes with a capacity retention of 237 mAh g −1 at 10 C even after 5000 cycles, indicating its promising utilization as anode material for future lithium‐ion batteries with long cycle life. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses for lithiated and delithiated MnF 2 electrodes are used to reveal the conversion mechanism for the reversible electrochemical reaction of MnF 2 with Li.