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Redox Targeting of Anatase TiO 2 for Redox Flow Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Author(s) -
Pan Feng,
Yang Jing,
Huang Qizhao,
Wang Xingzhu,
Huang Hui,
Wang Qing
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
advanced energy materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.08
H-Index - 220
eISSN - 1614-6840
pISSN - 1614-6832
DOI - 10.1002/aenm.201400567
Subject(s) - redox , materials science , anatase , lithium (medication) , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , electrolyte , anode , raman spectroscopy , inorganic chemistry , faraday efficiency , lithium vanadium phosphate battery , chemical engineering , electrode , catalysis , chemistry , organic chemistry , photocatalysis , medicine , physics , optics , engineering , metallurgy , endocrinology
Anatase TiO 2 is an extensively studied anode material for lithium‐ion batteries because of its superior capability of storing Li + electrochemically. Here reversible lithium storage of TiO 2 is achieved chemically using redox targeting reactions. In the presence of a pair of redox mediators, bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)cobalt (CoCp * 2 ) and cobaltocene (CoCp 2 ) in an electrolyte, TiO 2 and its lithiated form Li x TiO 2 can be reduced and oxidized by CoCp * 2 and CoCp 2 + , respectively, which accompany Li + insertion and extraction, albeit without attaching the TiO 2 onto the electrode. The reversible chemical lithiation/delithiation and the involved phase transitions are unambiguously confirmed using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, UV‐vis spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectoscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. A redox flow lithium‐ion battery (RFLB) half‐cell is assembled and evaluated, which is a critical step towards the development of RFLB full cells.