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Benign Solutions and Innovative Sequential Annealing Processes for High Performance Cu 2 ZnSn(Se,S) 4 Photovoltaics
Author(s) -
Hsu ChiaJung,
Duan HsinSheng,
Yang Wenbing,
Zhou Huanping,
Yang Yang
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
advanced energy materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.08
H-Index - 220
eISSN - 1614-6840
pISSN - 1614-6832
DOI - 10.1002/aenm.201301287
Subject(s) - materials science , czts , photovoltaics , annealing (glass) , chalcogen , chemical engineering , fabrication , copper , photovoltaic system , grain growth , tin , kesterite , energy conversion efficiency , thin film , nanotechnology , grain size , metallurgy , optoelectronics , crystallography , medicine , ecology , chemistry , alternative medicine , pathology , engineering , biology
Solution‐based earth‐abundant Cu 2 ZnSn(Se,S) 4 (CZTSSe) is proven to be a promising tool for thin‐film photovoltaic fabrication. Combining fully dissolved copper (Cu) and zinc/tin (Zn/Sn) hydrazinium constituents in an ethanolamine (EA) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solution mixture forms the CZTS precursor. All solutes in the precursor solution are intermixed on the molecular scale with excellent homogeneity. Sequential annealing steps under chalcogen vapor allow for enhanced grain growth while preventing the back contact from forming an excessively thick Mo(S,Se) 2 layer. The resulting devices achieve power conversion efficiencies of 7.5% under 1 sun conditions.