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Solution‐Processed Hydrogen Molybdenum Bronzes as Highly Conductive Anode Interlayers in Efficient Organic Photovoltaics
Author(s) -
Soultati Anastasia,
Douvas Antonios M.,
Georgiadou Dimitra G.,
Palilis Leonidas C.,
Bein Thomas,
Feckl Johann M.,
Gardelis Spyros,
Fakis Mihalis,
Kennou Stella,
Falaras Polycarpos,
Stergiopoulos Thomas,
Stathopoulos Nikolaos A.,
Davazoglou Dimitris,
Argitis Panagiotis,
Vasilopoulou Maria
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
advanced energy materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.08
H-Index - 220
eISSN - 1614-6840
pISSN - 1614-6832
DOI - 10.1002/aenm.201300896
Subject(s) - materials science , anode , stoichiometry , molybdenum , organic solar cell , chemical engineering , pedot:pss , oxide , open circuit voltage , inorganic chemistry , nanotechnology , layer (electronics) , electrode , composite material , metallurgy , organic chemistry , polymer , chemistry , physics , voltage , quantum mechanics , engineering
Highly efficient and stable organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells are demonstrated by incorporating solution‐processed hydrogen molybdenum bronzes as anode interlayers. The bronzes are synthesized using a sol‐gel method with the critical step being the partial oxide reduction/hydrogenation using an alcohol‐based solvent. Their composition, stoichiometry, and electronic properties strongly correlate with the annealing process to which the films are subjected after spin coating. Hydrogen molybdenum bronzes with moderate degree of reduction are found to be highly advantageous when used as anode interlayers in OPVs, as they maintain a high work function similar to the fully stoichiometric metal oxide, whereas they exhibit a high density of occupied gap states, which are beneficial for charge transport. Enhanced short‐circuit current, open‐circuit voltage and, fill factor, relative to reference devices incorporating either PEDOT‐PSS or a solution processed stoichiometric molybdenum oxide, are obtained for a variety of bulk heterojunction mixtures based on different polymeric donors and fullerene acceptors. In particular, high power conversion efficiencies are obtained in devices that employed the s‐H x MoO 2.75 as the hole extraction layer.