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Optimized 4‐V Spinel Cathode Material with High Energy Density for Li‐Ion Cells Operating at 60 °C
Author(s) -
Lee Sanghan,
Jeong Minseul,
Cho Jaephil
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
advanced energy materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.08
H-Index - 220
eISSN - 1614-6840
pISSN - 1614-6832
DOI - 10.1002/aenm.201300510
Subject(s) - spinel , materials science , faraday efficiency , cathode , electrochemistry , coating , scanning electron microscope , transmission electron microscopy , ion , chemical engineering , analytical chemistry (journal) , nanotechnology , electrode , composite material , metallurgy , chemistry , chromatography , physics , quantum mechanics , engineering
Spinel cathodes comprising 16‐μm, AlPO 4 ‐coated Li 1.09 Mn 1.83 Al 0.08 O 4 with a high energy density of 1.2 W h cm ‐3 are synthesized via a conventional solid‐state reaction using MnO 2 and Li 2 CO 3 at 770 °C for 10 h and using a solution‐based coating method in bulk scale (>20 kg). The cathodes are coated by aluminum phosphate at a thickness of <10 nm. The coated cathodes exhibit a first discharge capacity of 108 mA·h g ‐1 and a coulombic efficiency of >99.8%, and their capacity retention is 78% after 200 cycles at a 0.5 C rate in a Li‐ion cell under 60 °C. More importantly, a Li‐ion cell containing the coated cathode does not exhibit a swelling problem after 200 cycles at 60 °C. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy suggest that the uniformly distributed AlPO 4 coating and the possible formation of a solid solution phase along the surface play key roles in enhancing the electrochemical performance of the LiMn 2 O 4 spinel at 60 °C.