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The First Report on Excellent Cycling Stability and Superior Rate Capability of Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 for Sodium Ion Batteries
Author(s) -
Saravanan Kuppan,
Mason Chad W.,
Rudola Ashish,
Wong Kim Hai,
Balaya Palani
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
advanced energy materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.08
H-Index - 220
eISSN - 1614-6840
pISSN - 1614-6832
DOI - 10.1002/aenm.201200803
Subject(s) - materials science , faraday efficiency , energy storage , battery (electricity) , cathode , sodium , renewable energy , ion , chemical engineering , cycling , electrochemistry , nanotechnology , electrode , power (physics) , electrical engineering , thermodynamics , metallurgy , chemistry , physics , organic chemistry , engineering , history , archaeology
Sodium ion batteries are attractive for the rapidly emerging large‐scale energy storage market for intermittent renewable resources. Currently a viable cathode material does not exist for practical non‐aqueous sodium ion battery applications. Here we disclose a high performance, durable electrode material based on the 3D NASICON framework. Porous Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C was synthesized using a novel solution‐based approach. This material, as a cathode, is capable of delivering an energy storage capacity of ∼400 mWh/g vs. sodium metal. Furthermore, at high current rates (10, 20 and 40 C), it displayed remarkable capacity retention. Equally impressive is the long term cycle life. Nearly 50% of the initial capacity was retained after 30,000 charge/discharge cycles at 40 C (4.7 A/g). Notably, coulombic efficiency was 99.68% (average) over the course of cycling. To the best of our knowledge, the combination of high energy density, high power density and ultra long cycle life demonstrated here has never been reported before for sodium ion batteries. We believe our findings will have profound implications for developing large‐scale energy storage systems for renewable energy sources.