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Cu 3 P Binary Phosphide: Synthesis via a Wet Mechanochemical Method and Electrochemical Behavior as Negative Electrode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Author(s) -
Stan Marian Cristian,
Klöpsch Richard,
Bhaskar Aiswarya,
Li Jie,
Passerini Stefano,
Winter Martin
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
advanced energy materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.08
H-Index - 220
eISSN - 1614-6840
pISSN - 1614-6832
DOI - 10.1002/aenm.201200655
Subject(s) - materials science , electrochemistry , lithium (medication) , phosphide , anode , electrode , ion , copper , particle size , phase (matter) , analytical chemistry (journal) , chemical engineering , metallurgy , metal , chemistry , organic chemistry , medicine , engineering , chromatography , endocrinology
Mechanochemical synthesis of Cu 3 P in the presence of n‐dodecane results in a material with a secondary particle size distribution of 10 μm, secondary particles which consist of homogeneously agglomerated 20 nm primary particles. The electrochemical performance of Cu 3 P with lithium is influenced by the reaction depth, in other words by the lower potential cut‐off. During the electrochemical reaction, the displacement of copper by lithium from the Cu 3 P structure until the formation of Li 3 P and Cu deteriorates the capacity retention. Improved performance was obtained when the charge potential was limited to 0.50 V (vs. Li/Li + ) and the formation of the Li x Cu 3‐x P phase (0 ≤ × ≤ 2). In this case, when the potential is limited to 0.5 V, the capacity is stable for more than 50 cycles. Acceptable electrochemical performances in Li‐ion cells within the voltage range 0.50–2.0 V (vs. Li/Li + ) were shown when Cu 3 P was used as an anode and Li 1.2 (Ni 0.13 Mn 0.54 Co 0.13 )O 2 and LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 as positive electrode materials.