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Porous Electrode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries – How to Prepare Them and What Makes Them Special
Author(s) -
Vu Anh,
Qian Yuqiang,
Stein Andreas
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
advanced energy materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.08
H-Index - 220
eISSN - 1614-6840
pISSN - 1614-6832
DOI - 10.1002/aenm.201200320
Subject(s) - materials science , electrode , porosity , interconnectivity , electrochemistry , lithium (medication) , gravimetric analysis , nanotechnology , battery (electricity) , porous medium , nanocomposite , lithium ion battery , chemical engineering , composite material , computer science , medicine , power (physics) , chemistry , physics , organic chemistry , quantum mechanics , artificial intelligence , engineering , endocrinology
Abstract Numerous benefits of porous electrode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have been demonstrated, including examples of higher rate capabilities, better cycle lives, and sometimes greater gravimetric capacities at a given rate compared to nonporous bulk materials. These properties promise advantages of porous electrode materials for LIBs in electric and hybrid electric vehicles, portable electronic devices, and stationary electrical energy storage. This review highlights methods of synthesizing porous electrode materials by templating and template‐free methods and discusses how the structural features of porous electrodes influence their electrochemical properties. A section on electrochemical properties of porous electrodes provides examples that illustrate the influence of pore and wall architecture and interconnectivity, surface area, particle morphology, and nanocomposite formation on the utilization of the electrode materials, specific capacities, rate capabilities, and structural stability during lithiation and delithiation processes. Recent applications of porous solids as components for three‐dimensionally interpenetrating battery architectures are also described.