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Atomic‐Scale Magnetic Properties of Truly 3 d ‐Diluted ZnO
Author(s) -
Mantovan Roberto,
Gunnlaugsson Haraldur Páll,
Johnston Karl,
Masenda Hilary,
Mølholt Torben Esmann,
Naidoo Deena,
Ncube Mehluli,
Shayestehaminzadeh Seyedmohammad,
BharuthRam Krish,
Fanciulli Marco,
Gislason Haflidi Petur,
Langouche Guido,
Ólafsson Sveinn,
Pereira Lino M. C.,
Wahl Ulrich,
Torelli Piero,
Weyer Gerd
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
advanced electronic materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.25
H-Index - 56
ISSN - 2199-160X
DOI - 10.1002/aelm.201400039
Subject(s) - materials science , paramagnetism , magnetism , magnetic semiconductor , atomic units , ion , mössbauer spectroscopy , relaxation (psychology) , condensed matter physics , doping , muon spin spectroscopy , atom (system on chip) , spectroscopy , ferromagnetism , lattice (music) , crystallography , chemistry , physics , superconductivity , quantum mechanics , psychology , social psychology , optoelectronics , organic chemistry , computer science , acoustics , embedded system
In search for dilute magnetic semiconductors, the magnetic properties at the atomic‐scale of Fe atoms incorporated in ZnO, in a concentration range of more than five orders of magnitude from 1 × 10 −5 to 2.2 at% have been probed using emission 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy on implanted 57 Mn and 57 Co produced at ISOLDE/CERN. In the ultra‐dilute regime (10 −5 at%), the system shows isolated paramagnetic Fe 3+ ions with a spin–lattice type of relaxation. At higher concentrations (between 0.02 and 0.2 at%) a transition to spin–spin type of relaxation between neighboring Fe 3+ is observed, without any signature of magnetic ordering up to 2.2 at%. Despite the many reports of dilute magnetism in 3 d ‐doped ZnO, this atomic level study shows no evidence of any long‐range magnetic ordering between isolated Fe atoms incorporated in the ZnO lattice.