Open AccessBiofilms: Formation, Research Models, Potential Targets, and Methods for Prevention and Treatment
Author(s) -
Su Yajuan,
Yrastorza Jaime T.,
Matis Mitchell,
Cusick Jenna,
Zhao Siwei,
Wang Guangshun,
Xie Jingwei
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
advanced science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.388
H-Index - 100
ISSN - 2198-3844
DOI - 10.1002/advs.202203291
Subject(s) - biofilm , antimicrobial , biochemical engineering , nanotechnology , human health , microbiology and biotechnology , medicine , biology , materials science , bacteria , engineering , genetics , environmental health
Due to the continuous rise in biofilm‐related infections, biofilms seriously threaten human health. The formation of biofilms makes conventional antibiotics ineffective and dampens immune clearance. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms of biofilm formation and develop novel strategies to treat biofilms more effectively. This review article begins with an introduction to biofilm formation in various clinical scenarios and their corresponding therapy. Established biofilm models used in research are then summarized. The potential targets which may assist in the development of new strategies for combating biofilms are further discussed. The novel technologies developed recently for the prevention and treatment of biofilms including antimicrobial surface coatings, physical removal of biofilms, development of new antimicrobial molecules, and delivery of antimicrobial agents are subsequently presented. Finally, directions for future studies are pointed out.