Open AccessNanomedicine Strategies for Heating “Cold” Ovarian Cancer (OC): Next Evolution in Immunotherapy of OC
Author(s) -
Yang Yuqi,
Zhao Tianjiao,
Chen Qiaohui,
Li Yumei,
Xiao Zuoxiu,
Xiang Yuting,
Wang Boyu,
Qiu Yige,
Tu Shiqi,
Jiang Yitian,
Nan Yayun,
Huang Qiong,
Ai Kelong
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
advanced science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.388
H-Index - 100
ISSN - 2198-3844
DOI - 10.1002/advs.202202797
Subject(s) - immunotherapy , nanomedicine , medicine , cancer immunotherapy , limiting , cancer , tumor microenvironment , ovarian cancer , clinical efficacy , melanoma , cancer treatment , cancer research , nanotechnology , mechanical engineering , materials science , nanoparticle , engineering
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, dramatically improving survival rates of melanoma and lung cancer patients. Nevertheless, immunotherapy is almost ineffective against ovarian cancer (OC) due to its cold tumor immune microenvironment (TIM). Many traditional medications aimed at remodeling TIM are often associated with severe systemic toxicity, require frequent dosing, and show only modest clinical efficacy. In recent years, emerging nanomedicines have demonstrated extraordinary immunotherapeutic effects for OC by reversing the TIM because the physical and biochemical features of nanomedicines can all be harnessed to obtain optimal and expected tissue distribution and cellular uptake. However, nanomedicines are far from being widely explored in the field of OC immunotherapy due to the lack of appreciation for the professional barriers of nanomedicine and pathology, limiting the horizons of biomedical researchers and materials scientists. Herein, a typical cold tumor‐OC is adopted as a paradigm to introduce the classification of TIM, the TIM characteristics of OC, and the advantages of nanomedicines for immunotherapy. Subsequently, current nanomedicines are comprehensively summarized through five general strategies to substantially enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy by heating the cold OC. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of this expanding field for improved development of clinical applications are also discussed.