Open AccessHysteresis Induced by Incomplete Cationic Redox in Li‐Rich 3d‐Transition‐Metal Layered Oxides Cathodes
Author(s) -
Fang Liang,
Zhou Limin,
Park Mihui,
Han Daseul,
Lee GiHyeok,
Kang Seongkoo,
Lee Suwon,
Chen Mingzhe,
Hu Zhe,
Zhang Kai,
Nam KyungWan,
Kang YongMook
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
advanced science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.388
H-Index - 100
ISSN - 2198-3844
DOI - 10.1002/advs.202201896
Subject(s) - hysteresis , redox , cationic polymerization , overpotential , redox titration , materials science , cathode , oxygen , oxide , transition metal , inorganic chemistry , chemistry , electrochemistry , electrode , catalysis , metallurgy , polymer chemistry , organic chemistry , condensed matter physics , physics
Activation of oxygen redox during the first cycle has been reported as the main trigger of voltage hysteresis during further cycles in high‐energy‐density Li‐rich 3d‐transition‐metal layered oxides. However, it remains unclear whether hysteresis only occurs due to oxygen redox. Here, it is identified that the voltage hysteresis can highly correlate to cationic reduction during discharge in the Li‐rich layered oxide, Li 1.2 Ni 0.4 Mn 0.4 O 2 . In this material, the potential region of discharge accompanied by hysteresis is apparently separated from that of discharge unrelated to hysteresis. The quantitative analysis of soft/hard X‐ray absorption spectroscopies discloses that hysteresis is associated with an incomplete cationic reduction of Ni during discharge. The galvanostatic intermittent titration technique shows that the inevitable energy consumption caused by hysteresis corresponds to an overpotential of 0.3 V. The results unveil that hysteresis can also be affected by cationic redox in Li‐rich layered cathodes, implying that oxygen redox cannot be the only reason for the evolution of voltage hysteresis. Therefore, appropriate control of both cationic and anionic redox of Li‐rich layered oxides will allow them to reach their maximum energy density and efficiency.