Open AccessWirelessly Activated Nanotherapeutics for In Vivo Programmable Photodynamic‐Chemotherapy of Orthotopic Bladder Cancer
Author(s) -
Sun Bowen,
Bte Rahmat Juwita Norasmara,
Kim Han Joon,
Mahendran Ratha,
Esuvaranathan Kesavan,
Chiong Edmund,
Ho John S.,
Neoh Koon Gee,
Zhang Yong
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
advanced science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.388
H-Index - 100
ISSN - 2198-3844
DOI - 10.1002/advs.202200731
Subject(s) - photodynamic therapy , nanocarriers , medicine , chemotherapy , in vivo , bladder cancer , doxorubicin , cancer research , gemcitabine , conventional pci , cancer , pharmacology , drug , chemistry , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , organic chemistry , myocardial infarction
Photochemical internalization (PCI) is a promising intervention using photodynamic therapy (PDT) to enhance the activity of chemotherapeutic drugs. However, current bladder cancer treatments involve high‐dose chemotherapy and high‐irradiance PDT which cause debilitating side effects. Moreover, low penetration of light and drugs in target tissues and cumbersome light delivery procedures hinder the clinical utility of PDT and chemotherapy combination for PCI. To circumvent these challenges, a photodynamic‐chemotherapy approach is developed comprising tumor‐targeting glycosylated nanocarriers, coloaded with chlorin e6 (Ce6) and gemcitabine elaidate (GemE), and a miniaturized implantable wirelessly powered light‐emitting diode (LED) as a light source. The device successfully delivers four weekly light doses to the bladder while the nanocarrier promoted the specific accumulation of drugs in tumors. This approach facilitates the combination of low‐irradiance PDT (1 mW cm −2 ) and low‐dose chemotherapy (≈1500× lower than clinical dose) which significantly cures and controls orthotopic disease burden (90% treated vs control, 35%) in mice, demonstrating a potential new bladder cancer treatment option.