Open AccessJahn–Teller Distortion Induced Mn 2+ ‐Rich Cathode Enables Optimal Flexible Aqueous High‐Voltage Zn‐Mn Batteries
Author(s) -
Dai Lixin,
Wang Yan,
Sun Lu,
Ding Yi,
Yao Yuanqing,
Yao Lide,
Drewett Nicholas E.,
Zhang Wei,
Tang Jun,
Zheng Weitao
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
advanced science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.388
H-Index - 100
ISSN - 2198-3844
DOI - 10.1002/advs.202004995
Subject(s) - cathode , aqueous solution , disproportionation , manganese , electrolyte , battery (electricity) , redox , materials science , jahn–teller effect , electrochemistry , electrode , anode , chemical engineering , energy storage , ion , chemistry , catalysis , physics , metallurgy , biochemistry , power (physics) , organic chemistry , engineering , quantum mechanics
Although one of the most promising aqueous batteries, all Zn‐Mn systems suffer from Zn dendrites and the low‐capacity Mn 4+ /Mn 3+ process (readily leading to the occurrence of Jahn–Teller distortion, which in turn causes structural collapse and voltage/capacity fading). Here, the Mn 3+ reconstruction and disproportionation are exploited to prepare the stable, Mn 2+ ‐rich manganese oxides on carbon‐cloth (CMOs) in a discharged state through an inverted design, which promotes reversible Mn 2+ /Mn 4+ kinetics and mitigates oxygen‐related redox activity. Such a 1.65 V Mn 2+ ‐rich cathode enable constructing a 2.2 V Zn‐Mn battery, providing a high area capacity of 4.16 mA h cm –2 (25 mA h cm –2 for 10 mL electrolyte) and superior 4000‐cycle stability. Moreover, a flexible hybrid 2.7 V Zn‐Mn battery is constructed using 2‐pH hydrogel electrolytes to demonstrate excellent practicality and stability. A further insight has been gained to the commercial application of aqueous energy storage devices toward low‐cost, high safety, and excellent energy density.