Open AccessMulti‐Material 3D and 4D Printing: A Survey
Author(s) -
Rafiee Mohammad,
Farahani Rouhollah D.,
Therriault Daniel
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
advanced science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.388
H-Index - 100
ISSN - 2198-3844
DOI - 10.1002/advs.201902307
Subject(s) - 3d printing , computer science , process (computing) , dimension (graph theory) , three dimensional printing , manufacturing engineering , 3d printed , computer aided technologies , emerging technologies , nanotechnology , systems engineering , engineering , mechanical engineering , materials science , artificial intelligence , mathematics , pure mathematics , operating system
Recent advances in multi‐material 3D and 4D printing (time as the fourth dimension) show that the technology has the potential to extend the design space beyond complex geometries. The potential of these additive manufacturing (AM) technologies allows for functional inclusion in a low‐cost single‐step manufacturing process. Different composite materials and various AM technologies can be used and combined to create customized multi‐functional objects to suit many needs. In this work, several types of 3D and 4D printing technologies are compared and the advantages and disadvantages of each technology are discussed. The various features and applications of 3D and 4D printing technologies used in the fabrication of multi‐material objects are reviewed. Finally, new avenues for the development of multi‐material 3D and 4D printed objects are proposed, which reflect the current deficiencies and future opportunities for inclusion by AM.