Open AccessSynthesis of Ultrathin Biotite Nanosheets as an Intelligent Theranostic Platform for Combination Cancer Therapy
Author(s) -
Ji Xiaoyuan,
Kang Yong,
Ouyang Jiang,
Chen Yunhan,
Artzi Dolev,
Zeng Xiaobin,
Xiao Yuling,
Feng Chan,
Qi Baowen,
Kim Na Yoon,
Saw Phei Er,
Kong Na,
Farokhzad Omid C.,
Tao Wei
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
advanced science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.388
H-Index - 100
ISSN - 2198-3844
DOI - 10.1002/advs.201901211
Subject(s) - photothermal therapy , materials science , nanotechnology , calcination , disproportionation , chemical engineering , chemistry , catalysis , organic chemistry , engineering
Biotite, also called black mica (BM), is a group of sheet silicate minerals with great potential in various fields. However, synthesis of high‐quality BM nanosheets (NSs) remains a huge challenge. Here, an exfoliation approach is provided that combines calcination, n ‐butyllithium exchange and intercalation, and liquid exfoliating processes for the high‐yield synthesis of ultrathin BM NSs. Due to the presence of MgO, Fe 2 O 3 , and FeO in these NSs, PEGylated BM can be engineered as an intelligent theranostic platform with the following unique features: i) Fe 3+ can damage the tumor microenvironment (TME) through glutathione consumption and O 2 production; ii) Generated O 2 can be further catalyzed by MgO with oxygen vacancy to generate ·O 2 − ; iii) The Fe 2+ ‐catalyzed Fenton reaction can produce ·OH by disproportionation reactions of H 2 O 2 in the TME; iv) Reactions in (i) and (iii) circularly regenerate Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ for continuous consumption of glutathione and H 2 O 2 and constant production of ·OH and O 2 ; v) The NSs can be triggered by a 650 nm laser to generate ·O 2 − from O 2 as well as by an 808 nm laser to generate local hyperthermia; and vi) The fluorescent, photoacoustic, and photothermal imaging capabilities of the engineered NSs allow for multimodal imaging‐guided breast cancer treatment.