Open AccessDirect Structure–Performance Comparison of All‐Carbon Potassium and Sodium Ion Capacitors
Author(s) -
Xu Ziqiang,
Wu Mengqiang,
Chen Zhi,
Chen Cheng,
Yang Jian,
Feng Tingting,
Paek Eunsu,
Mitlin David
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
advanced science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.388
H-Index - 100
ISSN - 2198-3844
DOI - 10.1002/advs.201802272
Subject(s) - anode , materials science , capacitor , electrolyte , ion , cathode , carbon fibers , supercapacitor , overpotential , sodium , optoelectronics , analytical chemistry (journal) , voltage , chemistry , electrochemistry , electrode , composite material , electrical engineering , organic chemistry , composite number , metallurgy , engineering , chromatography
Abstract A hybrid ion capacitor (HIC) based on potassium ions (K + ) is a new high‐power intermediate energy device that may occupy a unique position on the Ragone chart space. Here, a direct performance comparison of a potassium ion capacitor (KIC) versus the better‐known sodium ion capacitor is provided. Tests are performed with an asymmetric architecture based on bulk ion insertion, partially ordered, dense carbon anode (hard carbon, HC) opposing N‐ and O‐rich ion adsorption, high surface area, cathode (activated carbon, AC). A classical symmetric “supercapacitor‐like” configuration AC–AC is analyzed in parallel. For asymmetric K‐based HC–AC devices, there are significant high‐rate limitations associated with ion insertion into the anode, making it much inferior to Na‐based HC–AC devices. A much larger charge–discharge hysteresis (overpotential), more than an order of magnitude higher impedance R SEI , and much worse cyclability are observed. However, K‐based AC–AC devices obtained on‐par energy, power, and cyclability with their Na counterpart. Therefore, while KICs are extremely scientifically interesting, more work is needed to tailor the structure of “Na‐inherited” dense carbon anodes and electrolytes for satisfactory K ion insertion. Conversely, it should be possible to utilize many existing high surface area adsorption carbons for fast rate K application.