Open AccessRobust Photodynamic Therapy Using 5‐ALA‐Incorporated Nanocomplexes Cures Metastatic Melanoma through Priming of CD4 + CD8 + Double Positive T Cells
Author(s) -
Li Zhi,
Wang Cuifeng,
Deng Huihui,
Wu Jiamin,
Huang Huan,
Sun Ran,
Zhang Hongbo,
Xiong Xiaoxing,
Feng Min
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
advanced science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.388
H-Index - 100
ISSN - 2198-3844
DOI - 10.1002/advs.201802057
Subject(s) - photodynamic therapy , melanoma , dacarbazine , cancer research , cytotoxic t cell , protoporphyrin ix , medicine , cd8 , immune system , immunotherapy , priming (agriculture) , immunology , chemistry , biology , in vitro , biochemistry , botany , germination , organic chemistry
Advanced melanoma can rarely be cured. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) readily eradicates the primary melanoma but has limited ability to destroy the spreading tumor cells unless supported by other combinative interventions to augment systemic antitumor immunity. Based on the previously synthesized penetration‐enhancing biomaterials, a topically administered nanoformulation is developed, which profoundly assists 5‐aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA) in circumventing skin barrier to be selectively delivered to tumor cells. After endocytosis, accumulated 5‐ALA is efficiently metabolized to a photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) which stimulates a large production of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) under illumination. Accompanied by the robust inflammatory responses followed by primary tumor destruction, CD4 + CD8 + double positive T cells are highly boosted to harness host immunity to purge metastases in lymphoid organs. Compared with dacarbazine and programmed death 1 (PD‐1) antibody, this treatment in advanced melanoma murine models, achieves a striking curable rate of 90% without melanoma prognostic markers LDH and S‐100B detection, followed by a relapse‐free survival rate of 83.33% in 300 days. Moreover, the cured mice's immune system function recovers to an extent similar to healthy mice without prolonged or exaggerated inflammation. This study using the synergistic biomaterials approach may thus render 5‐ALA‐mediated PDT a potentially curative therapy for advanced melanoma in clinic.