Open AccessRed Phosphorus Potassium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Author(s) -
Chang WeiChung,
Wu JenHsuan,
Chen KuanTing,
Tuan HsingYu
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
advanced science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.388
H-Index - 100
ISSN - 2198-3844
DOI - 10.1002/advs.201801354
Subject(s) - anode , battery (electricity) , materials science , electrochemistry , cathode , potassium ion battery , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , manganese , potassium , chemical engineering , phosphorus , ion , electrode , chemistry , metallurgy , organic chemistry , lithium vanadium phosphate battery , power (physics) , physics , quantum mechanics , engineering
Phosphorus (P) possesses the highest theoretical specific capacity (865 mA h g −1 ) among all the elements for potassium‐ion battery (PIB) anodes. Although Red P (RP) has intrinsic advantages over its allotropes, including low cost and nontoxicity, and simpler preparation, it is yet unknown to effectively activate it into a high‐performance PIB anode. Here, high‐performance RP PIB anodes are reported. Two important factors are found to facilitate RP react with K‐ions reversibly: i) nanoscale RP particles are dispersed evenly in a conductive carbon matrix composed of multiwall carbon nanotubes and Ketjen black that provide an efficient electrical pathway and a tough scaffold. ii) The results of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum and the electrochemical performance perhaps show that no PC bond formation is beneficial to allow K‐ions to react with RP effectively. As a result, the RP/C electrodes deliver a reversible specific capacity of ≈750 mA h g −1 and exhibit a high‐rate capability (≈300 mA h g −1 at 1000 mA g −1 ). RP/C full cells using potassium manganese hexacyanoferrate as cathode show a long cycling life (680 cycles) at a current density of 1000 mA g −1 , in addition, a pouch‐type battery is built to demonstrate practical applications.