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Palladium Nanoparticles Immobilized on Nano‐Silica Triazine Dendritic Polymer (Pd np ‐nSTDP): An Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling and Heck Reactions
Author(s) -
Isfahani Amir Landarani,
MohammadpoorBaltork Iraj,
Mirkhani Valiollah,
Khosropour Ahmad R.,
Moghadam Majid,
Tangestaninejad Shahram,
Kia Reza
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
advanced synthesis and catalysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.541
H-Index - 155
eISSN - 1615-4169
pISSN - 1615-4150
DOI - 10.1002/adsc.201200707
Subject(s) - catalysis , chemistry , palladium , heck reaction , aryl , coupling reaction , suzuki reaction , triazine , pyridine , heterogeneous catalysis , nanoparticle , polymer chemistry , sonogashira coupling , nuclear chemistry , organic chemistry , nanotechnology , materials science , alkyl
A new catalyst based on palladium nanoparticles immobilized on nano‐silica triazine dendritic polymer (Pd np ‐nSTDP) was synthesized and characterized by FT‐IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray, transmission electron microscopy and elemental analysis. The size of the palladium nanoparticles was determined to be 3.1±0.5 nm. This catalytic system showed high activity in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling of aryl iodides, bromides and chlorides with arylboronic acids and also in the Heck reaction of these aryl halides with styrenes. These reactions were best performed in a dimethylformamide (DMF)/water mixture (1:3) in the presence of only 0.006 mol% and 0.01 mol% of the catalyst, respectively, under conventional conditions and microwave irradiation to afford the desired coupling products in high yields. The Pd np ‐nSTDP was also used as an efficient catalyst for the preparation of a series of star‐ and banana‐shaped compounds with a benzene, pyridine, pyrimidine or 1,3,5‐triazine unit as the central core. Moreover, the catalyst could be recovered easily and reused several times without any considerable loss of its catalytic activity.