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Direct Amide Synthesis from Alcohols and Amines by Phosphine‐Free Ruthenium Catalyst Systems
Author(s) -
Ghosh Subhash Chandra,
Muthaiah Senthilkumar,
Zhang Yao,
Xu Xiangya,
Hong Soon Hyeok
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
advanced synthesis and catalysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.541
H-Index - 155
eISSN - 1615-4169
pISSN - 1615-4150
DOI - 10.1002/adsc.200900482
Subject(s) - ruthenium , chemistry , phosphine , catalysis , acetonitrile , piperidine , ligand (biochemistry) , benzene , dimer , morpholine , amide , medicinal chemistry , carbene , organic chemistry , photochemistry , biochemistry , receptor
Amides are synthesized directly from alcohols and amines in high yields using an in situ generated catalyst from easily available ruthenium complexes such as the ( p ‐cymene)ruthenium dichloride dimer, [Ru( p ‐cymeme)Cl 2 ] 2 , or the (benzene)ruthenium dichloride dimer, [Ru(benzene)Cl 2 ] 2 , an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand, and a nitrogen containing L‐type ligand such as acetonitrile. The phosphine‐free catalyst systems showed improved or comparable activity compared to previous phosphine‐based catalytic systems. The in situ generated catalyst from [Ru(benzene)Cl 2 ] 2 , an NHC ligand, and acetonitrile showed excellent activity toward reactions with cyclic secondary amines such as piperidine and morpholine.