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Palladium Supported on an Acidic Resin: A Unique Bifunctional Catalyst for the Continuous Catalytic Hydrogenation of Organic Compounds in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Author(s) -
Seki Tsunetake,
Grunwaldt JanDierk,
van Vegten Niels,
Baiker Alfons
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
advanced synthesis and catalysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.541
H-Index - 155
eISSN - 1615-4169
pISSN - 1615-4150
DOI - 10.1002/adsc.200700532
Subject(s) - chemistry , bifunctional , catalysis , palladium , sulfonic acid , divinylbenzene , organic chemistry , supercritical carbon dioxide , selectivity , styrene , supercritical fluid , polymer , copolymer
1% Palladium‐doped acidic resin (Amberlyst ® 15; styrene‐divinylbenzene matrix with sulfonic acid groups) is shown to be a highly active catalyst for the continuous catalytic hydrogenation of CC bonds in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) without affecting CO bonds. This 1% Pd/Amberlyst‐15 catalyst promotes the industrially important selective formation of 2‐ethylhexanal from crotonaldehyde in a “one‐pot” pathway involving hydrogenation and aldol condensation with a number of merits. The selectivity behavior of 1% Pd/Amberlyst‐15 is strikingly different compared to that of 1% Pd/C and 1% Pd/Al 2 O 3 due to its prominent bifunctional nature based on sulfonic acid groups adjacent to metallic Pd sites. Hybrid “[Pd n –H] + ” sites are suggested to act as both metal and acid sites promoting the bifunctional catalysis.