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Silica Gel Confined Ionic Liquid+Metal Complexes for Oxygen‐Free Carbonylation of Amines and Nitrobenzene to Ureas
Author(s) -
Shi Feng,
Zhang Qinghua,
Gu Yanlong,
Deng Youquan
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
advanced synthesis and catalysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.541
H-Index - 155
eISSN - 1615-4169
pISSN - 1615-4150
DOI - 10.1002/adsc.200404242
Subject(s) - nitrobenzene , chemistry , ionic liquid , catalysis , metal , oxygen , inorganic chemistry , ionic bonding , silica gel , carbonylation , chemical engineering , organic chemistry , ion , carbon monoxide , engineering
A new kind of silica gel confined ionic liquid containing a metal complex as heterogenized catalysts was prepared for the carbonylation of amines and nitrobenzene without molecular oxygen to afford the corresponding ureas with greatly enhanced catalytic activity (TOF exceeded 11000 mol⋅mol −1 ⋅h −1 ), with a much lower amount of ionic liquids being needed, with easy catalyst separation and possible reusability, and avoidance of the using of explosive CO+O 2 gas mixtures. Such an enhancement in catalytic activity may be derived from the effect of a high concentration of ionic liquid containing a metal complex due to the confinement into the nano‐pores or cavities of the silica gel matrix.