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Application of a Homogeneous Dodecakis(NCN‐Pd II ) Catalyst in a Nanofiltration Membrane Reactor under Continuous Reaction Conditions
Author(s) -
Dijkstra Harm P.,
Ronde Niek,
van Klink Gerard P. M.,
Vogt Dieter,
van Koten Gerard
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
advanced synthesis and catalysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.541
H-Index - 155
eISSN - 1615-4169
pISSN - 1615-4150
DOI - 10.1002/adsc.200390041
Subject(s) - catalysis , chemistry , homogeneous catalysis , nanofiltration , homogeneous , membrane , membrane reactor , ketone , batch reactor , chemical engineering , inorganic chemistry , nuclear chemistry , organic chemistry , thermodynamics , biochemistry , physics , engineering
A shape‐persistent nanosize dodecakis(NCN‐Pd II ‐aqua) complex ( 4b ) was applied as a homogeneous catalyst in the double Michael reaction between methyl vinyl ketone and ethyl α‐cyanoacetate under continuous reaction conditions in a nanofiltration membrane reactor. Due to its macromolecular dimensions, the catalyst is retained in the reactor (R=99.5% determined by ICP‐AAS) during catalysis. In addition, the catalyst was found to be stable under the continuous reaction conditions as a constant activity was obtained at prolonged reaction times (26 h, 65 exchanged reactor volumes). The turnover number of the catalyst was thus increased by a factor greater than 40 from 80 (batch) up to >3000 mol/mol Pd. Further development of this technology will allow an increase of the number of (industrial) catalytic processes in which homogeneous catalysts are applied.