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Chromium Trihalides Cr X 3 ( X = Cl, Br, I): Direct Deposition of Micro‐ and Nanosheets on Substrates by Chemical Vapor Transport
Author(s) -
Grönke Martin,
Buschbeck Benjamin,
Schmidt Peer,
Valldor Martin,
Oswald Steffen,
Hao Qi,
Lubk Axel,
Wolf Daniel,
Steiner Udo,
Büchner Bernd,
Hampel Silke
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
advanced materials interfaces
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.671
H-Index - 65
ISSN - 2196-7350
DOI - 10.1002/admi.201901410
Subject(s) - materials science , chromium , chemical vapor deposition , crystallinity , chemical engineering , phase (matter) , stacking , yttrium , halide , nanotechnology , inorganic chemistry , oxide , metallurgy , composite material , organic chemistry , chemistry , engineering
The experimental observation of intrinsic ferromagnetism in single layered chromium trihalides Cr X 3 ( X = Cl, Br, I) has gained outstanding attention recently due to their possible implementation in spintronic devices. However, the reproducible preparation of highly crystalline chromium(III) halide nanolayers without stacking faults is still an experimental challenge. As chromium trihalides consist of adjacent layers with weak interlayer coupling, the preparation of ultrathin Cr X 3 nanosheets directly on substrates via vapor transport proves as an advantageous synthesis technique. It is demonstrated that vapor growth of ultrathin highly crystalline Cr X 3 micro‐ and nanosheets succeeds directly on yttrium stabilized zirconia substrates in a one‐step process via chemical vapor transport (CVT) in temperature gradients of 100 K (600 °C → 500 °C for CrCl 3 and 650 °C → 550 °C for CrBr 3 or CrI 3 ) without a need for subsequent delamination. Due to simulation results, optimization of synthesis conditions is realized and phase pure Cr X 3 nanosheets with thicknesses ≤25 nm are obtained via short term CVT. The nanosheets morphology, crystallinity, and phase purity are analyzed by several techniques, including microscopy, diffraction, and spectroscopy. Furthermore, a potential subsequent delamination technique is demonstrated to give fast access to Cr X 3 monolayers using the example of CrCl 3 .