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Active Acoustic Surfaces Enable the Propulsion of a Wireless Robot
Author(s) -
Qiu Tian,
Palagi Stefano,
Mark Andrew G.,
Melde Kai,
Adams Fabian,
Fischer Peer
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
advanced materials interfaces
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.671
H-Index - 65
ISSN - 2196-7350
DOI - 10.1002/admi.201700933
Subject(s) - actuator , propulsion , miniaturization , wireless , flexibility (engineering) , acoustic streaming , acoustics , wireless power transfer , materials science , robot , mechanical energy , computer science , power (physics) , nanotechnology , electrical engineering , aerospace engineering , ultrasonic sensor , physics , engineering , telecommunications , artificial intelligence , statistics , mathematics , quantum mechanics
Abstract A major challenge that prevents the miniaturization of mechanically actuated systems is the lack of suitable methods that permit the efficient transfer of power to small scales. Acoustic energy holds great potential, as it is wireless, penetrates deep into biological tissues, and the mechanical vibrations can be directly converted into directional forces. Recently, active acoustic surfaces are developed that consist of 2D arrays of microcavities holding microbubbles that can be excited with an external acoustic field. At resonance, the surfaces give rise to acoustic streaming and thus provide a highly directional propulsive force. Here, this study advances these wireless surface actuators by studying their force output as the size of the bubble‐array is increased. In particular, a general method is reported to dramatically improve the propulsive force, demonstrating that the surface actuators are actually able to propel centimeter‐scale devices. To prove the flexibility of the functional surfaces as wireless ready‐to‐attach actuator, a mobile mini‐robot capable of propulsion in water along multiple directions is presented. This work paves the way toward effectively exploiting acoustic surfaces as a novel wireless actuation scheme at small scales.