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Atomic Layer Deposition of Hierarchical CNTs@FePO 4 Architecture as a 3D Electrode for Lithium‐Ion and Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Author(s) -
Liu Jian,
Wang Biqiong,
Sun Qian,
Li Ruying,
Sham TsunKong,
Sun Xueliang
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
advanced materials interfaces
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.671
H-Index - 65
ISSN - 2196-7350
DOI - 10.1002/admi.201600468
Subject(s) - materials science , electrolyte , electrode , lithium (medication) , atomic layer deposition , coating , carbon nanotube , layer (electronics) , chemical engineering , nanotechnology , substrate (aquarium) , chemistry , medicine , oceanography , geology , engineering , endocrinology
3D microbatteries hold great promise as on‐board energy supply systems for microelectronic devices. The construction of 3D microbatteries relies on the development of film deposition techniques that can enable coatings of uniform electrode and electrolyte materials in high‐aspect‐ratio substrates. Here, a 3D FePO 4 on carbon nanotubes (CNTs@FePO 4 ) structure is fabricated by coating FePO 4 on CNTs/carbon paper substrate using atomic layer deposition. Compared to FePO 4 on a planar substrate, the 3D CNTs@FePO 4 electrode exhibits significantly increased areal capacity and excellent rate capability for lithium‐ion and sodium‐ion storage. The 3D CNTs@FePO 4 maintains areal capacities of 64 and 33 μAh cm −2 after 180 cycles for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium‐ion batteries, which are 16 and 33 times higher than those of planar FePO 4 electrode, respectively. Moreover, hybrid 3D CNTs@FePO 4 @Li 3 PO 4 structure is fabricated by coating Li 3 PO 4 solid‐state electrolyte on 3D CNTs@FePO 4 . The CNTs@FePO 4 @Li 3 PO 4 electrode shows stable cycling performance in LIBs. Hard X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy analysis demonstrates that the Li 3 PO 4 coating prevents the formation of undesirable LiF in the solid‐electrolyte interphase layer, which is believed to be responsible for the performance degradation in CNTs@FePO 4 . This work paves the way to building reliable 3D nanostructured electrode and electrolyte architectures for high areal capacity microbatteries.