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Beyond Photo: Xdynamic Therapies in Fighting Cancer
Author(s) -
Wang Sheng,
Tian Rui,
Zhang Xu,
Cheng Guohui,
Yu Peng,
Chang Jin,
Chen Xiaoyuan
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
advanced materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.707
H-Index - 527
eISSN - 1521-4095
pISSN - 0935-9648
DOI - 10.1002/adma.202007488
Subject(s) - photodynamic therapy , phototoxicity , reactive oxygen species , cancer , cancer treatment , materials science , cancer therapy , nanotechnology , cancer research , biomolecule , medicine , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , chemistry , biochemistry , organic chemistry , in vitro
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐related therapeutic approaches are developed as a promising modality for cancer treatment because the aberrant increase of intracellular ROS level can cause cell death due to nonspecific oxidation damage to key cellular biomolecules. However, the most widely considered strategy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), suffers from critical limitations such as limited tissue‐penetration depth, high oxygen dependence, and phototoxicity. Non‐photo‐induced ROS generation strategies, which are defined as Xdynamic therapies (X = sono, radio, microwave, chemo, thermo, and electro), show good potential to overcome the drawbacks of PDT. Herein, recent advances in the development of Xdynamic therapies, including the design of systems, the working mechanisms, and examples of cancer therapy application, are introduced. Furthermore, the approaches to enhance treatment efficiency of Xdynamic therapy are highlighted. Finally, the perspectives and challenges of these strategies are also discussed.