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Improvement of Electrical Conductivity in Conjugated Polymers through Cascade Doping with Small‐Molecular Dopants
Author(s) -
Yoon Sang Eun,
Park Jaehong,
Kwon Ji Eon,
Lee Sang Yeon,
Han Ji Min,
Go Chae Young,
Choi Siku,
Kim Ki Chul,
Seo Hyungtak,
Kim Jong H.,
Kim BongGi
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
advanced materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.707
H-Index - 527
eISSN - 1521-4095
pISSN - 0935-9648
DOI - 10.1002/adma.202005129
Subject(s) - dopant , doping , materials science , homo/lumo , conjugated system , conductivity , optoelectronics , offset (computer science) , polymer , cascade , energy conversion efficiency , nanotechnology , chemical engineering , chemistry , molecule , organic chemistry , computer science , composite material , engineering , programming language
Doping capability is primitively governed by the energy level offset between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of conjugated polymers (CPs) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of dopants. A poor doping efficiency is obtained when doping directly using NOBF 4 forming a large energy offset with the CP, while the devised doping strategy is found to significantly improve the doping efficiency (electrical conductivity) by sequentially treating the NOBF 4 to the pre‐doped CP with 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquino‐dimethane (F4TCNQ), establishing a relatively small energy level offset. It is verified that the cascade doping strategy requires receptive sites for each dopant to further improve the doping efficiency, and provides fast reaction kinetics energetically. An outstanding electrical conductivity (>610 S cm −1 ) is achieved through the optimization of the devised doping strategy, and spectroscopy analysis, including Hall effect measurement, supports more efficient charge carrier generation via the devised cascade doping.