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500 Wh kg −1 Class Li Metal Battery Enabled by a Self‐Organized Core–Shell Composite Anode
Author(s) -
Han Bing,
Xu Dongwei,
Chi ShangSen,
He Dongsheng,
Zhang Zhen,
Du Leilei,
Gu Meng,
Wang Chaoyang,
Meng Hong,
Xu Kang,
Zheng Zijian,
Deng Yonghong
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
advanced materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.707
H-Index - 527
eISSN - 1521-4095
pISSN - 0935-9648
DOI - 10.1002/adma.202004793
Subject(s) - anode , materials science , cathode , composite number , electrolyte , battery (electricity) , metal , dendrite (mathematics) , inert , chemical engineering , lithium (medication) , composite material , electrode , metallurgy , chemistry , thermodynamics , medicine , power (physics) , physics , geometry , mathematics , organic chemistry , endocrinology , engineering
Lithium (Li) metal offers the highest projected energy density as a battery anode, however its extremely high reactivity induces dendrite growth and dead Li formation during repeated charge/discharge processes, resulting in both poor reversibility and catastrophic failure. Approaches reported to date often seek to suppress dendrites formation at the expense of energy density. Here, a strategy that resolves the above conflict and achieves a dendrite‐free and long‐term reversible Li metal anode is reported. A self‐organized core–shell composite anode, comprising an outer sheath of lithiated liquid metal (Li x LM y ) and an inner layer of Li metal, is developed, which posesses high electrical and ionic conductivity, and physically separates Li from the electrolyte. The introduction of Li x LM y not only prevents dendrite formation, but also eliminates the use of copper as an inert substrate. Full cells made of such composite anodes and commercially available LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 (NCM 622 ) cathodes deliver ultrahigh energy density of 1500 Wh L −1 and 483 Wh kg −1 . The high capacity can be maintained for more than 500 cycles, with fading rate of less than 0.05% per cycle. Pairing with LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 (NCM 811 ) further raises the energy density to 1732 Wh L −1 and 514 Wh kg −1 .