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A Quantitative Bacteria Monitoring and Killing Platform Based on Electron Transfer from Bacteria to a Semiconductor
Author(s) -
Wang Guomin,
Tang Kaiwei,
Meng Zheyi,
Liu Pei,
Mo Shi,
Mehrjou Babak,
Wang Huaiyu,
Liu Xuanyong,
Wu Zhengwei,
Chu Paul K.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
advanced materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.707
H-Index - 527
eISSN - 1521-4095
pISSN - 0935-9648
DOI - 10.1002/adma.202003616
Subject(s) - bacteria , semiconductor , materials science , electron transfer , nanotechnology , photocatalysis , escherichia coli , optoelectronics , chemistry , biology , photochemistry , organic chemistry , biochemistry , genetics , gene , catalysis
A platform with both bacteria killing and sensing capabilities is crucial for monitoring the entire bacteria‐related process on biomaterials and biomedical devices. Electron transfer (ET) between the bacteria and a Au‐loaded semiconductor (ZnO) is observed to be the primary factor for effective bacteria sensing and fast bacteria killing. The electrons produce a saturation current that varies linearly with the bacteria number, semi‐logarithmically, with R 2 of 0.98825, thus providing an excellent tool to count bacteria quantitatively in real‐time. Furthermore, ET leads to continuous electron loss killing of about 80% of Escherichia coli in only 1 h without light. The modularity and extendability of this ET‐based platform are also demonstrated by the excellent results obtained from other semiconductor/substrate systems and the stability is confirmed by recycling tests. The underlying mechanism for the dual functions is not due to conventional attributed Zn 2+ leaching or photocatalysis but instead electrical interactions upon direct contact. The results reveal the capability of real‐time detection of bacteria based on ET while providing information about the antibacterial behavior of ZnO‐based materials especially in the early stage. The concept can be readily incorporated into the design of smart and miniaturized devices that can sense and kill bacteria simultaneously.