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A Garnet‐Type Solid‐Electrolyte‐Based Molten Lithium−Molybdenum−Iron(II) Chloride Battery with Advanced Reaction Mechanism
Author(s) -
Xu Jing,
Liu Kai,
Jin Yang,
Sun Bin,
Zhang Zili,
Chen Yi,
Su Dawei,
Wang Guoxiu,
Wu Hui,
Cui Yi
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
advanced materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.707
H-Index - 527
eISSN - 1521-4095
pISSN - 0935-9648
DOI - 10.1002/adma.202000960
Subject(s) - electrolyte , materials science , anode , battery (electricity) , cathode , overcharge , molybdenum , chemical engineering , lithium (medication) , alloy , inorganic chemistry , electrode , metallurgy , chemistry , physics , quantum mechanics , engineering , medicine , power (physics) , endocrinology
Solid‐electrolyte‐based molten‐metal batteries have attracted considerable attention for grid‐scale energy storage. Although ZEBRA batteries are considered one of the promising candidates, they still have the potential concern of metal particle growth and ion exchange with the β”‐Al 2 O 3 electrolyte. Herein, a Li 6.4 La 3 Zr 1.4 Ta 0.6 O 12 solid‐electrolyte‐based molten lithium−molybdenum−iron(II) chloride battery (denoted as Li−Mo−FeCl 2 ) operated at temperature of 250 °C, comprising a mixture of Fe and LiCl cathode materials, a Li anode, a garnet‐type Li‐ion ceramic electrolyte, and Mo additive, is designed to overcome these obstacles. Different from conventional battery reaction mechanisms, this battery revolutionarily synchronizes the reversible Fe−Mo alloying−dealloying reactions with the delithiation−lithiation processes, meaning that the porous Mo framework derived from Fe−Mo alloy simultaneously suppresses the growth of pure Fe particles. By adopting a Li anode and a Li‐ion ceramic electrolyte, the corrosion problem between the cathode and the solid electrolyte is overcome. With similar battery cost ($12 kWh −1 ), the theoretical energy density of Li−Mo−FeCl 2 battery surpasses that of a Na−FeCl 2 ZEBRA battery over 25%, to 576 Wh kg −1 and 2216 Wh L −1 , respectively. Experimental results further prove this cell has excellent cycling performance (472 mAh g LiCl −1 after 300 cycles, 50 mg active material) and strong tolerance against the overcharge−overdischarge (3−1.6 V) and freezing−thawing (25−250 °C) incidents.