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Hierarchical Ordered Assembly of Genetically Modifiable Viruses into Nanoridge‐in‐Microridge Structures
Author(s) -
Zhou Ningyun,
Li Yan,
Loveland Christian H.,
Wilson Megan J.,
Cao Binrui,
Qiu Penghe,
Yang Mingying,
Mao Chuanbin
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
advanced materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.707
H-Index - 527
eISSN - 1521-4095
pISSN - 0935-9648
DOI - 10.1002/adma.201905577
Subject(s) - nanotechnology , materials science , genetically engineered , substrate (aquarium) , nanomaterials , regeneration (biology) , biology , computational biology , microbiology and biotechnology , gene , genetics , ecology
Hierarchically assembled nanomaterials can find a variety of applications in medicine, energy, and electronics. Here, an automatically controlled dip‐pulling method is developed and optimized to generate an unprecedented ordered nano‐to‐micro hierarchical nanoridge‐in‐microridge (NiM) structure from a bacteria‐specific human‐safe virus, the filamentous phage with or without genetically displaying a foreign peptide. The NiM structure is pictured as a window blind with each lath (the microridge) made of parallel phage bundles (the nanoridges). It is independent of the substrate materials supporting it. Surprisingly, it can induce the bidirectional differentiation of stem cells into neurons and astrocytes within a short timeframe (only 8 d) not seen before, which is highly desired because both neurons and astrocytes are needed simultaneously in treating neurodegenerative diseases. Since phages can direct tissue regeneration, template materials formation, sense molecules, and build electrodes, the NiM structures displaying different peptides and on varying materials hold promise in many technologically important fields.