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Massively Evoking Immunogenic Cell Death by Focused Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress using an AIE Luminogen with a Twisted Molecular Structure
Author(s) -
Chen Chao,
Ni Xiang,
Jia Shaorui,
Liang Yong,
Wu Xiaoli,
Kong Deling,
Ding Dan
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
advanced materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.707
H-Index - 527
eISSN - 1521-4095
pISSN - 0935-9648
DOI - 10.1002/adma.201904914
Subject(s) - photosensitizer , immunogenicity , programmed cell death , oxidative stress , immunogenic cell death , in vivo , immune system , materials science , mitochondrion , immunotherapy , cancer research , biophysics , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , apoptosis , biochemistry , chemistry , immunology , photochemistry
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) provides momentous theoretical principle for modern cancer immunotherapy. However, the currently available ICD inducers are still very limited and photosensitizer‐based ones can hardly induce sufficient ICD to achieve satisfactory cancer immunotherapy by themselves. Herein, an organic photosensitizer (named TPE‐DPA‐TCyP) with a twisted molecular structure, strong aggregation‐induced emission activity, and specific ability is reported for effectively inducing focused mitochondrial oxidative stress of cancer cells, which can serve as a much superior ICD inducer to the popularly used ones, including chlorin e6 (Ce6), pheophorbide A, and oxaliplatin. Furthermore, more effective in vivo ICD immunogenicity of TPE‐DPA‐TCyP than Ce6 is also demonstrated using a prophylactic tumor vaccination model. The underlying mechanism of the effectiveness and robustness of TPE‐DPA‐TCyP in inducing antitumor immunity and immune‐memory effect in vivo is verified by immune cell analyses. This study thus reveals that inducing focused mitochondrial oxidative stress is a highly effective strategy to evoke abundant and large‐scale ICD.