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Li–CO 2 and Na–CO 2 Batteries: Toward Greener and Sustainable Electrical Energy Storage
Author(s) -
Mu Xiaowei,
Pan Hui,
He Ping,
Zhou Haoshen
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
advanced materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.707
H-Index - 527
eISSN - 1521-4095
pISSN - 0935-9648
DOI - 10.1002/adma.201903790
Subject(s) - materials science , energy storage , anode , electrolyte , sustainable energy , nanoarchitectures for lithium ion batteries , catalysis , cathode , nanotechnology , process engineering , renewable energy , electrode , electrical engineering , engineering , power (physics) , chemistry , organic chemistry , physics , quantum mechanics
Metal–CO 2 batteries, especially Li–CO 2 and Na–CO 2 batteries, offer a novel and attractive strategy for CO 2 capture as well as energy conversion and storage with high specific energy densities. However, some scientific issues and challenges existing restrict their practical applications. Here, recent progress of crucial reaction mechanisms on cathodes in Li–CO 2 and Na–CO 2 batteries are summarized. The detailed reaction pathways can be modified by operation conditions, electrolyte compositions, and catalysts. Besides, specific discussions from aspects of catalyst design, stability of electrolytes, and anode protection are presented. Perspectives of several innovative directions are also put forward. This review provides an intensive understanding of Li–CO 2 and Na–CO 2 batteries and gives a useful guideline for the practical development of metal–CO 2 batteries and even metal–air batteries.