Premium
Glucose‐Responsive Insulin and Delivery Systems: Innovation and Translation
Author(s) -
Wang Jinqiang,
Wang Zejun,
Yu Jicheng,
Kahkoska Anna R.,
Buse John B.,
Gu Zhen
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
advanced materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.707
H-Index - 527
eISSN - 1521-4095
pISSN - 0935-9648
DOI - 10.1002/adma.201902004
Subject(s) - insulin delivery , insulin , glucose oxidase , phenylboronic acid , hypoglycemia , glycemic , translation (biology) , type 2 diabetes , diabetes mellitus , medicine , materials science , endocrinology , type 1 diabetes , nanotechnology , chemistry , biochemistry , biosensor , catalysis , messenger rna , gene
Abstract Type 1 and advanced type 2 diabetes treatment involves daily injections or continuous infusion of exogenous insulin aimed at regulating blood glucose levels in the normoglycemic range. However, current options for insulin therapy are limited by the risk of hypoglycemia and are associated with suboptimal glycemic control outcomes. Therefore, a range of glucose‐responsive components that can undergo changes in conformation or show alterations in intermolecular binding capability in response to glucose stimulation has been studied for ultimate integration into closed‐loop insulin delivery or “smart insulin” systems. Here, an overview of the evolution and recent progress in the development of molecular approaches for glucose‐responsive insulin delivery systems, a rapidly growing subfield of precision medicine, is presented. Three central glucose‐responsive moieties, including glucose oxidase, phenylboronic acid, and glucose‐binding molecules are examined in detail. Future opportunities and challenges regarding translation are also discussed.