Premium
Multifunctional “Hydrogel Skins” on Diverse Polymers with Arbitrary Shapes
Author(s) -
Yu Yan,
Yuk Hyunwoo,
Parada German A.,
Wu You,
Liu Xinyue,
Nabzdyk Christoph S.,
YoucefToumi Kamal,
Zang Jianfeng,
Zhao Xuanhe
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
advanced materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.707
H-Index - 527
eISSN - 1521-4095
pISSN - 0935-9648
DOI - 10.1002/adma.201807101
Subject(s) - materials science , polymer , biofouling , surface forces apparatus , microfluidics , coating , self healing hydrogels , composite material , shearing (physics) , nanotechnology , elastomer , polycarbonate , soft robotics , membrane , polymer chemistry , actuator , computer science , genetics , biology , artificial intelligence
Abstract Slippery and hydrophilic surfaces find critical applications in areas as diverse as biomedical devices, microfluidics, antifouling, and underwater robots. Existing methods to achieve such surfaces rely mostly on grafting hydrophilic polymer brushes or coating hydrogel layers, but these methods suffer from several limitations. Grafted polymer brushes are prone to damage and do not provide sufficient mechanical compliance due to their nanometer‐scale thickness. Hydrogel coatings are applicable only for relatively simple geometries, precluding their use for the surfaces with complex geometries and features. Here, a new method is proposed to interpenetrate hydrophilic polymers into the surface of diverse polymers with arbitrary shapes to form naturally integrated “hydrogel skins.” The hydrogel skins exhibit tissue‐like softness (Young's modulus ≈ 30 kPa), have uniform and tunable thickness in the range of 5–25 µm, and can withstand prolonged shearing forces with no measurable damage. The hydrogel skins also provide superior low‐friction, antifouling, and ionically conductive surfaces to the polymer substrates without compromising their original mechanical properties and geometry. Applications of the hydrogel skins on inner and outer surfaces of various practical polymer devices including medical tubing, Foley catheters, cardiac pacemaker leads, and soft robots on massive scales are further demonstrated.