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3D Heteroatom‐Doped Carbon Nanomaterials as Multifunctional Metal‐Free Catalysts for Integrated Energy Devices
Author(s) -
Paul Rajib,
Du Feng,
Dai Liming,
Ding Yong,
Wang Zhong Lin,
Wei Fei,
Roy Ajit
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
advanced materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.707
H-Index - 527
eISSN - 1521-4095
pISSN - 0935-9648
DOI - 10.1002/adma.201805598
Subject(s) - heteroatom , materials science , carbon fibers , nanotechnology , catalysis , energy transformation , electrochemical energy conversion , nanomaterials , mesoporous material , supercapacitor , electrochemistry , electrolyte , electrode , organic chemistry , chemistry , composite material , ring (chemistry) , physics , composite number , thermodynamics
Sustainable and cost‐effective energy generation has become crucial for fulfilling present energy requirements. For this purpose, the development of cheap, scalable, efficient, and reliable catalysts is essential. Carbon‐based heteroatom‐doped, 3D, and mesoporous electrodes are very promising as catalysts for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Various carbon allotropes doped with a variety of heteroatoms can be utilized for cost‐effective mass production of electrode materials. 3D porous carbon electrodes provide multiple advantages, such as large surface area, maximized exposure to active sites, 3D conductive pathways for efficient electron transport, and porous channels to facilitate electrolyte diffusion. However, it is challenging to synthesize and functionalize isotropic 3D carbon structures. Here, various synthesis processes of 3D porous carbon materials are summarized to understand how their physical and chemical properties together with heteroatom doping dictate the electrochemical catalytic performance. Prospects of attractive 3D carbon structural materials for energy conversion and efficient integrated energy systems are also discussed.