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A Gradient Heterostructure Based on Tolerance Factor in High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells with 0.84 Fill Factor
Author(s) -
Qiao Hong Wei,
Yang Shuang,
Wang Yun,
Chen Xiao,
Wen Tian Yu,
Tang Li Juan,
Cheng Qilin,
Hou Yu,
Zhao Huijun,
Yang Hua Gui
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
advanced materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.707
H-Index - 527
eISSN - 1521-4095
pISSN - 0935-9648
DOI - 10.1002/adma.201804217
Subject(s) - materials science , dopant , heterojunction , perovskite (structure) , doping , energy conversion efficiency , optoelectronics , perovskite solar cell , hysteresis , fabrication , nanotechnology , chemical engineering , condensed matter physics , medicine , physics , alternative medicine , pathology , engineering
A gradient heterosturcture is one of the basic methods to control the charge flow in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, a classical route for gradient heterosturctures is based on the diffusion technique, in which the guest ions gradually diffuse into the films from a concentrated source of dopants. The gradient heterosturcture is only accessible to the top side, and may be time consuming and costly. Here, the “intolerant” n‐type heteroatoms (Sb 3+ , In 3+ ) with mismatched cation sizes and charge states can spontaneously enrich two sides of perovskite thin films. The dopants at specific sides can be extracted by a typical hole‐transport layer. Theoretical calculations and experimental observations both indicate that the optimized charge management can be attributed to the tailored band structure and interfacial electronic hybridization, which promote charge separation and collection. The strategy enables the fabrication of PSCs with a spontaneous graded heterojunction showing high efficiency. A champion device based on Sb 3+ doped film shows a stabilized power‐conversion efficiency of 21.04% with a high fill factor of 0.84 and small hysteresis.