Premium
Gadolinium‐Encapsulated Graphene Carbon Nanotheranostics for Imaging‐Guided Photodynamic Therapy
Author(s) -
Chen Hongmin,
Qiu Yuwei,
Ding Dandan,
Lin Huirong,
Sun Wenjing,
Wang Geoffrey D.,
Huang Weicheng,
Zhang Weizhong,
Lee Daye,
Liu Gang,
Xie Jin,
Chen Xiaoyuan
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
advanced materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.707
H-Index - 527
eISSN - 1521-4095
pISSN - 0935-9648
DOI - 10.1002/adma.201802748
Subject(s) - materials science , photodynamic therapy , graphene , gadolinium , nanotechnology , carbon fibers , medical imaging , composite material , medicine , radiology , composite number , organic chemistry , chemistry , metallurgy
Photosensitizers (PS) are an essential component of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Conventional PSs are often porphyrin derivatives, which are associated with high hydrophobicity, low quantum yield in aqueous solutions, and suboptimal tumor‐to‐normal‐tissue (T/N) selectivity. There have been extensive efforts to load PSs into nanoparticle carriers to improve pharmacokinetics. The approach, however, is often limited by PS self‐quenching, pre‐mature release, and nanoparticle accumulation in the reticuloendothelial system organs. Herein, a novel, nanoparticle‐based PS made of gadolinium‐encapsulated graphene carbon nanoparticles (Gd@GCNs), which feature a high 1 O 2 quantum yield, is reported. Meanwhile, Gd@GCNs afford strong fluorescence and high T 1 relaxivity (16.0 × 10 −3 m −1 s −1 , 7 T), making them an intrinsically dual‐modal imaging probe. Having a size of approximately 5 nm, Gd@GCNs can accumulate in tumors through the enhanced permeability and retention effect. The unbound Gd@GCNs cause little toxicity because Gd is safely encapsulated within an inert carbon shell and because the particles are efficiently excreted from the host through renal clearance. Studies with rodent tumor models demonstrate the potential of the Gd@GCNs to mediate image‐guided PDT for cancer treatment. Overall, the present study shows that Gd@GCNs possess unique physical, pharmaceutical, and toxicological properties and are an all‐in‐one nanotheranostic tool with substantial clinical translation potential.