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Near‐Infrared Light‐Sensitive Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel Photoresist for Spatiotemporal Control of Cell‐Instructive 3D Microenvironments
Author(s) -
Qin XiaoHua,
Wang Xiaopu,
Rottmar Markus,
Nelson Bradley J.,
ManiuraWeber Katharina
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
advanced materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.707
H-Index - 527
eISSN - 1521-4095
pISSN - 0935-9648
DOI - 10.1002/adma.201705564
Subject(s) - materials science , self healing hydrogels , nanotechnology , polyvinyl alcohol , extracellular matrix , cell encapsulation , tissue engineering , 3d cell culture , photoresist , scaffold , ultraviolet light , biophysics , cell , biomedical engineering , chemistry , optoelectronics , polymer chemistry , medicine , biochemistry , layer (electronics) , biology , composite material
Advanced hydrogel systems that allow precise control of cells and their 3D microenvironments are needed in tissue engineering, disease modeling, and drug screening. Multiphoton lithography (MPL) allows true 3D microfabrication of complex objects, but its biological application requires a cell‐compatible hydrogel resist that is sufficiently photosensitive, cell‐degradable, and permissive to support 3D cell growth. Here, an extremely photosensitive cell‐responsive hydrogel composed of peptide‐crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is designed to expand the biological applications of MPL. PVA hydrogels are formed rapidly by ultraviolet light within 1 min in the presence of cells, providing fully synthetic matrices that are instructive for cell‐matrix remodeling, multicellular morphogenesis, and protease‐mediated cell invasion. By focusing a multiphoton laser into a cell‐laden PVA hydrogel, cell‐instructive extracellular cues are site‐specifically attached to the PVA matrix. Cell invasion is thus precisely guided in 3D with micrometer‐scale spatial resolution. This robust hydrogel enables, for the first time, ultrafast MPL of cell‐responsive synthetic matrices at writing speeds up to 50 mm s −1 . This approach should enable facile photochemical construction and manipulation of 3D cellular microenvironments with unprecedented flexibility and precision.