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In‐Plane Electrical Connectivity and Near‐Field Concentration of Isolated Graphene Resonators Realized by Ion Beams
Author(s) -
Luo Weiwei,
Cai Wei,
Xiang Yinxiao,
Wu Wei,
Shi Bin,
Jiang Xiaojie,
Zhang Ni,
Ren Mengxin,
Zhang Xinzheng,
Xu Jingjun
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
advanced materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.707
H-Index - 527
eISSN - 1521-4095
pISSN - 0935-9648
DOI - 10.1002/adma.201701083
Subject(s) - graphene , materials science , plasmon , resonator , optoelectronics , graphene nanoribbons , nanotechnology , nanoscopic scale , lithography , focused ion beam , ion , physics , quantum mechanics
Graphene plasmons provide great opportunities in light–matter interactions benefiting from the extreme confinement and electrical tunability. Structured graphene cavities possess enhanced confinements in 3D and steerable plasmon resonances, potential in applications for sensing and emission control at the nanoscale. Besides graphene boundaries obtained by mask lithography, graphene defects engineered by ion beams have shown efficient plasmon reflections. In this paper, near‐field responses of structured graphene achieved by ion beam direct‐writing are investigated. Graphene nanoresonators are fabricated easily and precisely with a spatial resolution better than 30 nm. Breathing modes are observed in graphene disks. The amorphous carbons around weaken the response of edge modes in the resonators, but meanwhile render the isolated resonators in‐plane electrical connections, where near‐fields are proved gate‐tunable. The realization of gate‐tunable near‐fields of graphene 2D resonators opens up tunable near‐field couplings with matters. Moreover, graphene nonconcentric rings with engineered near‐field confinement distributions are demonstrated, where the quadrupole plasmon modes are excited. Near‐field mappings reveal concentrations at the scale of 3.8 × 10 − 4λ 0 2within certain zones which can be engineered. The realization of electrically tunable graphene nanoresonators by ion beam direct‐writing is promising for active manipulation of emission and sensing at the nanoscale.