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Multichannel Interdiffusion Driven FASnI 3 Film Formation Using Aqueous Hybrid Salt/Polymer Solutions toward Flexible Lead‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells
Author(s) -
Xi Jun,
Wu Zhaoxin,
Jiao Bo,
Dong Hua,
Ran Chenxin,
Piao Chengcheng,
Lei Ting,
Song TzeBin,
Ke Weijun,
Yokoyama Takamichi,
Hou Xun,
Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
advanced materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.707
H-Index - 527
eISSN - 1521-4095
pISSN - 0935-9648
DOI - 10.1002/adma.201606964
Subject(s) - materials science , formamidinium , perovskite (structure) , heterojunction , polyethylene naphthalate , aqueous solution , chemical engineering , indium tin oxide , energy conversion efficiency , perovskite solar cell , iodide , solution process , tin , solar cell , polymer , crystallinity , annealing (glass) , layer (electronics) , nanotechnology , inorganic chemistry , optoelectronics , composite material , organic chemistry , chemistry , metallurgy , engineering
Tin (Sn)‐based perovskites are increasingly attractive because they offer lead‐free alternatives in perovskite solar cells. However, depositing high‐quality Sn‐based perovskite films is still a challenge, particularly for low‐temperature planar heterojunction (PHJ) devices. Here, a “multichannel interdiffusion” protocol is demonstrated by annealing stacked layers of aqueous solution deposited formamidinium iodide (FAI)/polymer layer followed with an evaporated SnI 2 layer to create uniform FASnI 3 films. In this protocol, tiny FAI crystals, significantly inhibited by the introduced polymer, can offer multiple interdiffusion pathways for complete reaction with SnI 2 . What is more, water, rather than traditional aprotic organic solvents, is used to dissolve the precursors. The best‐performing FASnI 3 PHJ solar cell assembled by this protocol exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.98%. In addition, a flexible FASnI 3 ‐based flexible solar cell assembled on a polyethylene naphthalate–indium tin oxide flexible substrate with a PCE of 3.12% is demonstrated. This novel interdiffusion process can help to further boost the performance of lead‐free Sn‐based perovskites.