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Tuning the Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Selective Li‐ and Na‐Ion Storage in Hard Carbon
Author(s) -
Soto Fernando A.,
Yan Pengfei,
Engelhard Mark H.,
Marzouk Asma,
Wang Chongmin,
Xu Guiliang,
Chen Zonghai,
Amine Khalil,
Liu Jun,
Sprenkle Vincent L.,
ElMellouhi Fedwa,
Balbuena Perla B.,
Li Xiaolin
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
advanced materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.707
H-Index - 527
eISSN - 1521-4095
pISSN - 0935-9648
DOI - 10.1002/adma.201606860
Subject(s) - electrolyte , materials science , electrochemistry , electrode , interphase , ion , chemical engineering , battery (electricity) , fast ion conductor , ion transporter , layer (electronics) , carbon fibers , inorganic chemistry , nanotechnology , composite material , chemistry , organic chemistry , power (physics) , genetics , physics , quantum mechanics , engineering , biology , composite number
Solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) films with controllable properties are highly desirable for improving battery performance. In this paper, a combined experimental and theoretical approach is used to study SEI films formed on hard carbon in Li‐ and Na‐ion batteries. It is shown that a stable SEI layer can be designed by precycling an electrode in a desired Li‐ or Na‐based electrolyte, and that ionic transport can be kinetically controlled. Selective Li‐ and Na‐based SEI membranes are produced using Li‐ or Na‐based electrolytes, respectively. The Na‐based SEI allows easy transport of Li ions, while the Li‐based SEI shuts off Na‐ion transport. Na‐ion storage can be manipulated by tuning the SEI layer with film‐forming electrolyte additives, or by preforming an SEI layer on the electrode surface. The Na specific capacity can be controlled to < 25 mAh g −1 ; ≈ 1/10 of the normal capacity (250 mAh g −1 ). Unusual selective/preferential transport of Li ions is demonstrated by preforming an SEI layer on the electrode surface and corroborated with a mixed electrolyte. This work may provide new guidance for preparing good ion‐selective conductors using electrochemical approaches.