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A Review of Organic and Inorganic Biomaterials for Neural Interfaces
Author(s) -
Fattahi Pouria,
Yang Guang,
Kim Gloria,
Abidian Mohammad Reza
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
advanced materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.707
H-Index - 527
eISSN - 1521-4095
pISSN - 0935-9648
DOI - 10.1002/adma.201304496
Subject(s) - nanotechnology , materials science , nanomaterials , microelectrode , carbon nanotube , biocompatibility , neural prosthesis , biomedical engineering , engineering , chemistry , electrode , metallurgy
Recent advances in nanotechnology have generated wide interest in applying nanomaterials for neural prostheses. An ideal neural interface should create seamless integration into the nervous system and performs reliably for long periods of time. As a result, many nanoscale materials not originally developed for neural interfaces become attractive candidates to detect neural signals and stimulate neurons. In this comprehensive review, an overview of state‐of‐the‐art microelectrode technologies provided first, with focus on the material properties of these microdevices. The advancements in electroactive nanomaterials are then reviewed, including conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, silicon nanowires, and hybrid organic‐inorganic nanomaterials, for neural recording, stimulation, and growth. Finally, technical and scientific challenges are discussed regarding biocompatibility, mechanical mismatch, and electrical properties faced by these nanomaterials for the development of long‐lasting functional neural interfaces.