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25th Anniversary Article: MXenes: A New Family of Two‐Dimensional Materials
Author(s) -
Naguib Michael,
Mochalin Vadym N.,
Barsoum Michel W.,
Gogotsi Yury
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
advanced materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.707
H-Index - 527
eISSN - 1521-4095
pISSN - 0935-9648
DOI - 10.1002/adma.201304138
Subject(s) - mxenes , materials science , carbide , intercalation (chemistry) , metal , max phases , ionic bonding , nanotechnology , transition metal , graphene , inorganic chemistry , composite material , ion , metallurgy , chemistry , organic chemistry , catalysis
Recently a new, large family of two‐dimensional (2D) early transition metal carbides and carbonitrides, called MXenes, was discovered. MXenes are produced by selective etching of the A element from the MAX phases, which are metallically conductive, layered solids connected by strong metallic, ionic, and covalent bonds, such as Ti 2 AlC, Ti 3 AlC 2 , and Ta 4 AlC 3 . MXenes combine the metallic conductivity of transition metal carbides with the hydrophilic nature of their hydroxyl or oxygen terminated surfaces. In essence, they behave as “conductive clays”. This article reviews progress—both experimental and theoretical—on their synthesis, structure, properties, intercalation, delamination, and potential applications. MXenes are expected to be good candidates for a host of applications. They have already shown promising performance in electrochemical energy storage systems. A detailed outlook for future research on MXenes is also presented.