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Nonlinear Optical Properties of Porphyrins
Author(s) -
Senge M. O.,
Fazekas M.,
Notaras E. G. A.,
Blau W. J.,
Zawadzka M.,
Locos O. B.,
Ni Mhuircheartaigh E. M.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
advanced materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.707
H-Index - 527
eISSN - 1521-4095
pISSN - 0935-9648
DOI - 10.1002/adma.200601850
Subject(s) - porphyrin , supramolecular chemistry , materials science , tetrapyrrole , conjugated system , tetraphenylporphyrin , nonlinear optical , phthalocyanine , chromophore , nanotechnology , nanomaterials , photochemistry , combinatorial chemistry , molecule , chemistry , organic chemistry , polymer , nonlinear system , physics , quantum mechanics , composite material , enzyme
Porphyrins and phthalocyanines have outstanding chemical and thermal stability. The macrocyclic structure and chemical reactivity of tetrapyrroles offers architectural flexibility and facilitates the tailoring of chemical, physical and optoelectronic parameters. The specific optical properties of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle combined with the synthetic methodologies now available and the already available theoretical and spectroscopic knowledge on their optical behavior make porphyrins a target of choice for this area. They are versatile organic nanomaterials with a rich photochemistry and their excited state properties are easily modulated through conformational design, molecular symmetry, metal complexation, orientation and strength of the molecular dipole moment, size and degree of conjugation of the π‐systems, and appropriate donor‐acceptor substituents. Here we review the structural chemistry and optical properties of recently synthesized porphyrin derivatives that offer potential for nonlinear optical (NLO) applications and complement existing studies on phthalocyanines. Classes of interest include the classic A 4 symmetric tetrapyrroles, while optimized systems include push‐pull porphyrins, oligomeric and supramolecular self‐assembled systems, films and nanoparticle systems, and highly conjugated porphyrin arrays.