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A Kinetic Two‐Phase and Equilibrium Solid Solution in Spinel Li 4+ x Ti 5 O 12
Author(s) -
Wagemaker M.,
Simon D. R.,
Kelder E. M.,
Schoonman J.,
Ringpfeil C.,
Haake U.,
LützenkirchenHecht D.,
Frahm R.,
Mulder F. M.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
advanced materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.707
H-Index - 527
eISSN - 1521-4095
pISSN - 0935-9648
DOI - 10.1002/adma.200601636
Subject(s) - materials science , spinel , solid solution , phase (matter) , kinetic energy , thermodynamics , chemistry , analytical chemistry (journal) , metallurgy , quantum mechanics , physics , organic chemistry , chromatography
The zero strain Li 4+x Ti 5 O 12 material as a two‐phase system is, in contrast to common knowledge, unstable at room temperature (see figure), and it is fast Li insertion that leads to a kinetically induced effective two‐phase reaction. The solid‐solution‐induced disorder, resulting from the mixed 8a/16c occupation, is most likely responsible for the high rate capabilities in Li 4+ x Ti 5 O 12 .