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Wearable Glucose Monitoring and Implantable Drug Delivery Systems for Diabetes Management
Author(s) -
Zhang Jinyuan,
Xu Jian,
Lim Jongcheon,
Nolan James K.,
Lee Hyowon,
Lee Chi Hwan
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
advanced healthcare materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.288
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 2192-2659
pISSN - 2192-2640
DOI - 10.1002/adhm.202100194
Subject(s) - wearable computer , diabetes management , insulin delivery , diabetes mellitus , wearable technology , medicine , insulin , pacifier , continuous glucose monitoring , closed loop , drug delivery , intensive care medicine , type 1 diabetes , type 2 diabetes , computer science , nanotechnology , engineering , embedded system , materials science , endocrinology , breastfeeding , pathology , control engineering
The global cost of diabetes care exceeds $1 trillion each year with more than $327 billion being spent in the United States alone. Despite some of the advances in diabetes care including continuous glucose monitoring systems and insulin pumps, the technology associated with managing diabetes has largely remained unchanged over the past several decades. With the rise of wearable electronics and novel functional materials, the field is well‐poised for the next generation of closed‐loop diabetes care. Wearable glucose sensors implanted within diverse platforms including skin or on‐tooth tattoos, skin‐mounted patches, eyeglasses, contact lenses, fabrics, mouthguards, and pacifiers have enabled noninvasive, unobtrusive, and real‐time analysis of glucose excursions in ambulatory care settings. These wearable glucose sensors can be integrated with implantable drug delivery systems, including an insulin pump, glucose responsive insulin release implant, and islets transplantation, to form self‐regulating closed‐loop systems. This review article encompasses the emerging trends and latest innovations of wearable glucose monitoring and implantable insulin delivery technologies for diabetes management with a focus on their advanced materials and construction. Perspectives on the current unmet challenges of these strategies are also discussed to motivate future technological development toward improved patient care in diabetes management.