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Dual Function of Magnesium in Bone Biomineralization
Author(s) -
Zhang Jinglun,
Tang Lin,
Qi Haoning,
Zhao Qin,
Liu Yan,
Zhang Yufeng
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
advanced healthcare materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.288
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 2192-2659
pISSN - 2192-2640
DOI - 10.1002/adhm.201901030
Subject(s) - biomineralization , mineralization (soil science) , chemistry , amorphous calcium phosphate , calcification , calcium , embryonic stem cell , microbiology and biotechnology , mineralized tissues , biophysics , phosphate , biochemistry , medicine , biology , dentistry , dentin , paleontology , organic chemistry , gene , nitrogen
Magnesium (Mg 2+ ), as a main component of bone, is widely applied to promote bone growth and regeneration. However, Mg 2+ can chemically inhibit the crystallization of amorphous calcium phosphate into hydroxyapatite (HA). The underlying mechanisms by which Mg 2+ improves bone biomineralization remain elusive. Here, it is demonstrated that Mg 2+ plays dual roles in bone biomineralization from a developmental perspective. During embryonic development, the Mg 2+ concentration is enriched in the early stage from embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5) to E15.5, but gradually decreases to a stable state in the late phase, after E15.5. Appropriate concentrations of Mg 2+ can promote the mineralization of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, while excessive Mg 2+ impairs their osteogenesis. The earlier the Mg 2+ is added, the stronger the observed inhibition of mineralization. In particular, less Mg 2+ is present in fully mineralized collagen than in poorly mineralized collagen. Furthermore, a high concentration of Mg 2+ changes the crystalline morphology of HA and inhibits collagen calcification. Functionally, a high‐Mg 2+ diet inhibits bone biomineralization in mouse offspring. Taken together, the results suggest that appropriate regulation of Mg 2+ concentration over time is vital for normal biomineralization. This study is significant for the future design of bone substitutes and implants associated with Mg 2+ content.